نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری رشتۀ کلام گرایش فلسفۀ دین، گروه الهیات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه الهیات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار گروه الهیات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
4 استادیار گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Intercession (shafāʿah) is one of the core beliefs in the Islamic doctrinal system. According to the explicit statement of the Noble Qurʾān, its realization is conditional upon divine pleasure (riḍā). The verse, "And they do not intercede except for whom He is pleased with" (wa lā yashfaʿūna illā liman irtaḍā, Q. 21:28) indicates this dependence, yet the criterion (mullāk) of God's pleasure in this and other verses is not explicitly stated. This ambiguity constitutes the main problem of the present research. Employing a descriptive‑analytical method and a comparative approach, this article examines the views of ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī and Fakhr al‑Rāzī concerning the criterion of divine pleasure in the system of intercession, based on their respective exegeses, al‑Mīzān and Mafātīḥ al‑Ghayb. The findings indicate that both thinkers consider pleasure with the individual's religion as the criterion of divine pleasure. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī, in addition to faith (īmān), regards purity of the soul (ṭahārat‑i nafs) as a primary condition. Fakhr al‑Rāzī, by contrast, relying on ḥadīth traditions, emphasizes heartfelt belief in divine unity (tawḥīd). Furthermore, both thinkers propose supplementary criteria such as righteous action (ʿamal‑i ṣāliḥ), piety (taqwā), truthfulness (ṣidq), emigration (hijrah), and striving (jihād). In ʿAllāmah's view, intercession includes sinning believers from among the "companions of the right hand" (aṣḥāb al‑yamīn), whereas Fakhr al‑Rāzī, within the framework of Ashʿarī foundations, considers intercession to be realizable also for immoral believers (muʾminīn‑i fāsiq). Overall, ʿAllāmah's perspective exhibits greater coherence with divine justice (ʿadl) and wisdom (ḥikmah).
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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