نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری, فلسفه دین، دانشکده الهیات دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه دین دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the most important questions concerning the attributes and acts of God is whether the actual world is the best possible world. Robert Adams argues that a perfectly good moral agent can create a world that is less than the best one they can create it. According to Adams, this does not entail injustice or unkindness towards creatures, nor does it indicate a deficiency in God’s essence. This article utilizes a descriptive-analytical method to examine the defensibility of Robert Adams’ view that creating the best possible world is unnecessary. The article aims to explain and evaluate Adams’ perspective. The significance of Adams’ view lies in its grounding within the ethical attributes of God, as understood within Abrahamic religions. While the first part of Adams’ argument is partially compelling, the second part contains flaws. Specifically: 1) based on Adams’ position, the concept of “grace in creation” appears inconsistent; 2) given the neutrality of the attribute of grace (ṣifat al-luṭf), merit-based considerations cannot be entirely disregarded in choosing a specific world, ultimately leading to the selection of the best possible world. Therefore, the attribute of grace cannot justify a perfectly good moral agent’s choice of a suboptimal world. Consequently, the dalīl al-limmi (a priori demonstrationfor proving the nizām al-aḥsan (best possible system/optimal order) remains valid.
کلیدواژهها [English]