Assistant Professor, Department of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies, Faculty of Qurʾān Studies, Bandar Abbas, University of Qurʾān Sciences and Maʿārif, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
The issue that arises about the issues of ʿIṣma (Arabic: العِصمَة, lit.: infallibility) studies is the need to recognize and distinguish the rational reasons for the ʿIṣma of the Prophets (Arabic: الْأنبیاء, al-ʾAnbiyāʾ) from each other. Sometimes, the reason of “Wuthūq” (Arabic: وُثوق, trust) and the reason of “Tanfīr” (Arabic: تَنْفیر, aversion) are conflated and considered as a single reason; whereas, the reason of Wuthūq pertains to the realm of knowledge and intellect, while the reason of Tanfīr relates to the sphere of inclination, emotions, and the generation of aversion. Sometimes, the reason for “the necessity of following the Prophet” is confused with the reason of “Tanfīr”, while the reason for “Tanfīr” indicates that disobedience (Arabic: مَعْصیة, romanized: Maʿṣīya, meaning disobedience) causes Tanfīr and reduces the peace of mind of people, but the reason for “the necessity of following the Prophet” indicates that the Prophet’s disobedience is contrary to absolute obedience to him, because it is not permissible to follow Maʿṣīya. Sometimes, the reason for “violation of the purpose of guiding the people” is confused with the reason of “the necessity of following and obeying the Prophet”. The main focus of the reason for “violating the purpose of guidance” is on proving al-ʿIṣma from al-Khaṭaʾ (Arabic: الْخَطَأْ, error), forgetfulness and ʿUṣyān (Arabic: عِصْیان, lit.: disobedience or refusal to obey) in deliberately changing the revelation or waḥy (Arabic: الوَحْی) or not communicating the revelation, but the main focus of the reason for “the necessity of following the Prophet” is on proving infallibility from sins. This research uses a descriptive and analytical method to explain the distinction between these reasons and show the mistakes that have been made in this field.
Faqīh, ʿ. (2024). Recognition of Intellectual Proofs for ʿIṣma (Infallibility) (Arabic: العِصمَة) and Explanation of Their Differences From Each Other. Theology Journal, 11(20), 5-27. doi: 10.22034/pke.2024.17174.1800
MLA
Faqīh, ʿ. . "Recognition of Intellectual Proofs for ʿIṣma (Infallibility) (Arabic: العِصمَة) and Explanation of Their Differences From Each Other", Theology Journal, 11, 20, 2024, 5-27. doi: 10.22034/pke.2024.17174.1800
HARVARD
Faqīh, ʿ. (2024). 'Recognition of Intellectual Proofs for ʿIṣma (Infallibility) (Arabic: العِصمَة) and Explanation of Their Differences From Each Other', Theology Journal, 11(20), pp. 5-27. doi: 10.22034/pke.2024.17174.1800
CHICAGO
ʿ. Faqīh, "Recognition of Intellectual Proofs for ʿIṣma (Infallibility) (Arabic: العِصمَة) and Explanation of Their Differences From Each Other," Theology Journal, 11 20 (2024): 5-27, doi: 10.22034/pke.2024.17174.1800
VANCOUVER
Faqīh, ʿ. Recognition of Intellectual Proofs for ʿIṣma (Infallibility) (Arabic: العِصمَة) and Explanation of Their Differences From Each Other. Theology Journal, 2024; 11(20): 5-27. doi: 10.22034/pke.2024.17174.1800