The issue of evil, which is interpreted as the refuge of atheism, is a lively and dynamic debate in the new theology that has faced several expressions, defenses and theodicies. “Theodicy of Divine Compensation” is a theological attempt by McCord Adams to explain how the evils rationally reconcile with an absolutely benevolent God that has received less attention to its aspects and criticism. In this research, with the method of content analysis, an attempt has been made to explain this approach and to express and evaluate its drawbacks and defenses. Adams tries to change the view of the problem of evil from an abstract problem to an existential problem, and by passing through instrumentalist answers based on the best possible world, enters into the existential and meaningful connection of the evil and raises the transcendence of the evil through the connection and oneness of existence with God, which is the highest divine reward and compensation. She also emphasizes on imperfection of our understanding of divine purposes, recommendation to step out of defense in the face of evil, focusing on infinite goodness of the divine essence, and God-like experiences. Among the problems of this theory is the conflict between philosophy and religion in the issue of evils, the lack of moral obligation of God, inefficiency of compensation, the lack of worldly justification for evils, and the lack of efforts to reduce evils
محمدرضایی، محمد(1390)، کلام جدید؛ با رویکرد تطبیقی، قم: دفتر نشر معارف.
هیک، جان(۱۳۹۴)، مسئله شر و عدل الهی، ترجمه انشاءالله رحمتی، اطلاعات حکمت و معرفت، سال دهم، ش8، ص 55-52.
یوسفیان، حسن(1390)، کلام جدید، تهران: سمت.
Adams, Marilyn. McCord(1997), Chalcedonian Christology: A Christian Solution to the Problem of Evil, In: Davis S.T.(eds) Philosophy and Theological Discourse, Claremont Studies in the Philosophy of Religion, Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp: 173-199.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ(2017), A Modest Proposal? Caveat Emptor! Moral Theory and Problems of Evil, In J. P. Sterba(Ed.), Ethics and the Problem of Evil, Indiana University Press, pp: 9–26.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ(1988) "Problems of Evil: More Advice to Christian Philosophers," Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers: Vol. 5: Iss. 2, pp:121-143.
Adams, Marilyn McCord(2013). Ignorance, Instrumentality, Compensation, and the Problem of Evil. _Sophia_ 52(1):7-26.
........................................ & Sutherland, S.(1989). Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, 63, pp: 297–323.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ(2000), Horrendous evils and the goodness of God, Ithaca(N.Y.): Cornell University Press.
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ(1993), God and Evil: Polarities of a Problem, Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, 69(2/3), pp: 167-186.
. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ and Adams, R.(1990), The problem of evil,(Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Borchert, Donald M(ed.),(2006), Encyclopedia of philosophy, vol. 3, Detroit, Mich: Macmillan.
Evans, C. Stephen., Manis, R. Zachary.(2009), Philosophy of religion: thinking about faith, Downers Grove, Ill: IVP Academic.
Gleeson, A.(2015). On letting go of theodicy: Marilyn McCord Adams on god and evil. Sophia, 54, 1–12
Julian of Norwich(1984), Revelations of Divine Love, chapter 31, Penguin, p:110
Mackie, 'J. L.(1955) 'Evil and Omnipotence', Mind, reprinted in Nelson Pike, God and Evil, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964, pp. 46-60.
Mill, John Stuart(1964), Mr. Mansel on the limits of religious thought, In Nelson Pike(ed.), God and Evil, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, pp.37-45.
Peterson, M.L(2010), The Logical Problem of Evil, In A Companion to Philosophy of Religion, eds C. Taliaferro, P. Draper and P.L. Quinn, pp: 491-500.
Pike, Nelson(1963) "Hume on Evil," Philosophical Review LXXII no. 2; reprinted in Pike, God and Evil, pp: 85-102.
...................(1964) "Introduction," God and Evil, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Plantinga, Alvin(1985) "self-profile" Alvin Plantinga, edited by James E. Tomberlin and Peter van Inwagen, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, pp: 34-35.
Thurow, J. C.(2020). Problems with Compensation: Gleeson on Marilyn McCord Adams on Evil. Sophia, 59, pp: 513–524.
Sajjadi, S. M. (2022). Analyzing problems and attitude towards Marilyn McCord Adams’s “divine compensation” Theodicy. Theology Journal, 9(16), 289-316. doi: 10.22034/pke.2022.12666.1567
MLA
Sajjadi, S. M. . "Analyzing problems and attitude towards Marilyn McCord Adams’s “divine compensation” Theodicy", Theology Journal, 9, 16, 2022, 289-316. doi: 10.22034/pke.2022.12666.1567
HARVARD
Sajjadi, S. M. (2022). 'Analyzing problems and attitude towards Marilyn McCord Adams’s “divine compensation” Theodicy', Theology Journal, 9(16), pp. 289-316. doi: 10.22034/pke.2022.12666.1567
CHICAGO
S. M. Sajjadi, "Analyzing problems and attitude towards Marilyn McCord Adams’s “divine compensation” Theodicy," Theology Journal, 9 16 (2022): 289-316, doi: 10.22034/pke.2022.12666.1567
VANCOUVER
Sajjadi, S. M. Analyzing problems and attitude towards Marilyn McCord Adams’s “divine compensation” Theodicy. Theology Journal, 2022; 9(16): 289-316. doi: 10.22034/pke.2022.12666.1567
)