Methodology for Proving the Authenticity (Ṣiḥḥah) of Traditions (Aḥādīth) on Imamate (Imāmah) with a Comparative Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Graduate of Level Four at the Center for Imamology of Qom Seminary and Head of the Methodology Department at the Imamate Research Institute (International Foundation of Imamate), Qom, Iran.

Abstract

Imamate, as a central pillar of the Imāmī creedal system, is such that any Qurʾānic or tradition‑based (riwāʾī) argument concerning it is inevitably grounded in the presupposition of the authenticity (ṣiḥḥah) of the transmitted texts (nuṣūṣ‑i riwāʾī). Hence, the main question of this article is whether, on the basis of the principles accepted in Sunnī ḥadīth sciences (ʿulūm al‑ḥadīth), a coherent methodology can be formulated for proving the authenticity of the traditions concerning the imamate of the Imams of the Ahl al‑Bayt (peace be upon them). Within this framework, the aim of the research is to formulate a set of intra‑Sunnī criteria, derived from their ḥadīth and biographical evaluation (rijāl) sources, that would provide a methodical support for Imāmī theological (kalāmī) arguments concerning imamate. Employing a comparative approach and a descriptive‑analytical method, and through a re‑examination of Sunnī ḥadīth and rijāl sources, this research extracts and compares eight strategies for proving the authenticity of traditions on imamate. The findings indicate that these strategies can be grouped into five methodological categories: Foundational authenticity; Confirmatory authenticity; Argumentative authenticity; Descriptive authenticity; and Homogeneous authenticity. On the basis of these five methodological categories, and in accordance with principles accepted by Sunnīs themselves, a ruling of authenticity can be issued for a considerable portion of the traditions on imamate, thereby methodically strengthening the foundation of theological arguments concerning imamate.

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