A Re‑reading of Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal’s Political Thought and Its Relation to Religious Democracy (Mardumsālārī‑yi Dīnī)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Political Science, Al‑Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran.

2 PhD Scholar in Islamic Theology, Bint al‑Hudā Higher Education Complex, Al‑Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran.

3 Islamic‑Humanities Higher Education Complex, Al‑Mustafa International University, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

This article examines the efficacy of the theory of the common good (khayr‑i ʿumūmī) in resolving environmental crises, focusing on Christian and Islamic perspectives. Rooted in Aristotelian and Thomistic philosophy, the theory of the common good emphasizes collective flourishing and intergenerational justice, aligning with Christian stewardship and Islamic vicegerency (khilāfah). Through comparative analysis, this study highlights the convergences between Christian and Islamic traditions in promoting environmental sustainability and collective responsibility for environmental protection, while also critiquing divergences such as anthropocentrism within these traditions. By integrating theological principles such as justice, community, and spiritual motivations, the theory of the common good offers a theoretical framework that links religious ethics with environmental governance. This framework promotes interfaith dialogue and practical applications in addressing environmental challenges. However, despite its capacity to enrich environmental policies, the theory has limitations, including oversimplification of theological doctrines and implementation challenges across diverse cultural contexts. The study underscores the necessity of future research to address these gaps and to strengthen collaboration between religious and secular worldviews in order to present an inclusive approach to global environmental sustainability.

Keywords

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Theology Journal
Volume 12, Issue 23 - Serial Number 23
January 2026
Pages 251-275

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